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A minimálbér-emelés, mint gazdaságpolitikai eszköz Deprecated: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /home/polgaris/public_html/libraries/src/Document/HtmlDocument.php on line 583

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A minimálbér-emelés, mint gazdaságpolitikai eszköz

 

Polgári Szemle, 19. évf. 1–3. szám, 2023, 13–30., DOI: 10.24307/psz.2023.0903

Molnár Dániel, makrogazdasági elemző, Makronóm Intézet (Ez az e-mail-cím a szpemrobotok elleni védelem alatt áll. Megtekintéséhez engedélyeznie kell a JavaScript használatát.); Dr. Regős Gábor, PhD, vezető közgazdász, Makronóm Intézet (Ez az e-mail-cím a szpemrobotok elleni védelem alatt áll. Megtekintéséhez engedélyeznie kell a JavaScript használatát.).

Összefoglalás

A minimálbér és a garantált bérminimum emelését minden évben hosszú tárgyalássorozat előzi meg. Ennek kapcsán egyfelöl megjelenik a munkavállalók jogos érdeke a bérfelzárkóztatás tekintetében, másfelöl pedig a munkáltatók teherbíró képessége és költségminimalizálása. Magyarországon az elmúlt időszakban jelentős mértékben emelkedett a minimálbér és a garantált bérminimum értéke, amely a magasabb bérkategóriákban is béremeléseket kényszerített ki a bérfeltorlódás elkerülése érdekében. A legkisebb garantált bérek emelkedése azonban nem okozta a munkanélküliség növekedését. Számításaink szerint 1 százalékpontos minimálbéremelés 0,3 százalékponttal növeli az átlagbér növekedési ütemét a versenyszférában, amely mellett az inflációs várakozások és a munkaerőhiány szerepe emelendő ki. A többi visegrádi ország esetében ugyanakkor ez a kapcsolat nem áll fenn, amelynek oka, hogy hazánkban a kormányzat a minimálbér és a garantált bérminimum révén a foglalkoztatottak szélesebb körének bérezésére hatással van, így pedig nagyobb a befolyása is az átlagkeresetek alakulására is. A minimálbér és a garantált bérminimum tehát hazánkban a munkaerőpiac feszességének megőrzése és fokozása mellett a bérfelzárkóztatás másik fontos eszköze.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: E24, J23, J31

Kulcsszavak: minimálbér, átlagbér, bérfelzárkózás

Minimum Wage Increase as an Economic Policy Tool

Summary

The increase of the minimum wage and the guaranteed minimum wage is preceded by a long series of negotiations every year. During the negotiations, the legitimate interest of the employees to wage convergence is contrasted with the employers' bearing capacity and cost minimization efforts. In Hungary, the value of the minimum wage and the guaranteed minimum wage has increased significantly in recent years, which, in turn, has forced wage increases in higher wage categories to avoid wage congestion. However, it has not caused an increase in unemployment. According to our calculations, a 1 percentage point increase in the minimum wage increases the growth rate of the average wage in the business sector by 0.3 percentage point. In the case of the other Visegrád countries, however, this relationship does not exist. The reason behind this is that in Hungary, the government affects the wages of a wider range of employees through the minimum wage and the guaranteed minimum wage, and thus has a greater influence on the evolution of average earnings. The minimum wage and the guaranteed minimum wage are, therefore, another important tool in the wage convergence process, in addition to preserving and increasing the tightness of the labor market.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: E24, J23, J31

Keywords: minimum wage, average wage, wage convergence


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